Dental glossary: oral health from A to Z

Clear explanations of dental conditions, symptoms and treatments.

Explore dental and oral health terms, symptoms and treatments. Choose a letter and select a topic for more detail.

A

Acid effects on tooth enamel

Acids can gradually dissolve enamel minerals. The risk of erosion depends not only on the product but also on the frequency of exposure and other circumstances. Read more.

Acute alveolitis

Alveolitis is a healing complication after tooth removal that can cause increasing pain. Contact a dentist to assess the condition. Read more.

Acute dental abscess

An infection causing an abscess may result in severe pain or swelling. Seek urgent care; if you have breathing or swallowing difficulties, call 112. Read more.

Acute dental trauma

After a blow, a tooth may be chipped, displaced, or knocked out. Contact a dentist quickly and follow first aid instructions. Read more.

Acute facial swelling related to a tooth

Increasing facial swelling may be related to infection and requires urgent evaluation. If breathing or swallowing is difficult, call 112. Read more.

Acute gingivitis

Sudden gum pain, redness or swelling can have various causes. Examination is necessary to choose appropriate treatment. Read more.

Acute pain after tooth extraction

Increasing pain some time after extraction may indicate a healing complication. Contact your doctor for an examination. Read more.

Acute pain when chewing

Sudden pain when chewing may be caused by a crack, inflammation or other damage. Avoid chewing on the painful side and contact a dentist. Read more.

Acute pulpitis

Acute inflammation of the pulp may present with severe or lingering pain after stimulation. A precise diagnosis and treatment are determined after examination. Read more.

Acute toothache

A sudden severe toothache can have various causes. Contact a dentist as soon as possible, especially if swelling occurs. Read more.

Acute wisdom tooth area pain

Pain or swelling in the wisdom tooth area may be associated with inflammation of surrounding tissues. Necessary care is determined by a dentist. Read more.

Aesthetic filling

This is restoration of the tooth shape or damaged tissues with filling material. Before choosing a method, the condition of teeth, gums, and other options are evaluated. Read more.

Allergy to dental anesthesia

Before anesthesia, inform your dentist about previous reactions, current medications, and other allergies. The dentist will assess the anesthesia choice. Read more.

Anesthesia in dentistry

Local anesthesia temporarily reduces sensitivity in the treated area. Before the procedure, inform the doctor about diseases, medications, allergies, and previous reactions. Read more.

Apical inflammation

Inflammation around the root tip may be linked to canal infection. The dentist assesses the tooth and orders an X-ray if necessary. Read more.

Apical periodontitis

Inflammation around the tip of the root may be associated with infection in the tooth canals. It is sometimes detected on X-rays without causing severe pain. Read more.

Apicoectomy (root tip resection)

This is a surgical treatment method where the tooth’s root tip is removed and the surrounding affected area is treated. Suitability is evaluated individually. Read more.

Assessment of dental trauma

After trauma, a tooth may chip, shift, or be knocked out. Contact a dentist as soon as possible and describe what happened. Read more.

B

Bad breath

Bad breath may be caused by tongue coating, gum disease, dry mouth, or other factors. If it persists, a dental examination is advisable. Read more.

Black triangles between teeth

These are visible gaps near the gums between adjacent teeth. Causes may include tooth shape, position, or altered gum tissues; treatment is selected according to the situation. Read more.

Bleeding gums

Bleeding during brushing or using interdental aids can be a sign of gum inflammation. If it recurs, schedule an examination. Read more.

Bleeding gums around an implant

Bleeding around an implant may indicate tissue inflammation. Early examination helps identify the cause and select proper care. Read more.

Bone grafting before implantation

When there is not enough bone, the doctor may discuss the possibility of bone augmentation. The decision depends on tests, anatomy, and the planned prosthesis. Read more.

Broken filling

A broken filling may cause tooth sensitivity or sharp edges. Avoid chewing on the affected side and contact the dentist for restoration. Read more.

Broken tooth

If part of a tooth breaks off, preserve the fragment and contact a dentist. Restoration depends on the size and location of the fracture. Read more.

Bruxism

Bruxism is teeth grinding or forceful clenching, which may be associated with tooth wear and muscle discomfort. Assistance is tailored individually. Read more.

C

Canker sores (aphthous ulcers)

Canker sores are painful ulcers of the oral mucosa. Other oral lesions may have different causes. A doctor should assess ulcers that persist or recur frequently. Read more.

Care of children’s primary teeth

Care of primary teeth begins when they erupt. Discuss cleaning methods, toothpaste amounts, and examination frequency with the child’s dentist. Read more.

Care of zirconia crowns

Cleanliness of the crown and its margins is important for the health of surrounding gums and the tooth beneath the crown. Daily hygiene and preventive check-ups are necessary. Read more.

Caries

Caries is another term for tooth decay. Regular prevention and early detection of damage help preserve tooth tissues. Read more.

Caries (tooth decay)

Caries is damage to tooth tissues associated with acids produced by plaque bacteria. The early stage may not cause pain. Read more.

Caries at filling margins

New caries lesions can occur at the edge of a filling. The dentist checks the filling condition and decides whether it needs repair or replacement. Read more.

Caries in children

Children’s caries can affect baby teeth. Parents should help with tooth brushing, and discuss individual fluoride toothpaste recommendations with the dentist. Read more.

Caries of primary tooth

Caries in primary teeth can develop without pain. Treatment and prevention are chosen based on the depth of damage and the child’s needs. Read more.

Caries on the tooth root

An exposed root surface can also be affected by caries. Gentle hygiene and individualized risk and treatment assessment are especially important. Read more.

Caries prevention

Fluoride toothpaste, regular plaque removal and consuming sugar less frequently help reduce the risk of tooth decay. Prevention is adapted to age and individual risk. Read more.

Caries risk with frequent snacking

Frequent consumption of sweet products or drinks increases teeth contact with acids produced by bacteria. Daily hygiene is important to reduce risk. Read more.

Caries treatment

Early damage can sometimes be controlled with preventive measures. If a cavity forms, removal of damaged tissue and tooth restoration may be required. Read more.

Causes of gingivitis

A common cause of gingivitis is bacterial plaque accumulating near the gums. A dentist assesses signs of inflammation and other risk factors. Read more.

Causes of gum recession

Gum retreat may be related to periodontal condition, cleaning habits, or other factors. The decision depends on the examination. Read more.

Causes of halitosis

Unpleasant mouth odor may be related to plaque, gum disease, dry mouth, or other factors. Recurrent odor should be investigated. Read more.

Causes of mouth ulcers

Ulcers may arise from trauma, aphthae, or other diseases. Persistent, recurring, or unclear changes should be shown to a specialist. Read more.

Cementum surface with gum recession

When gums recede, the cementum covering the root may be exposed to the oral environment. The dentist assesses the root surface and possible cause of sensitivity. Read more.

Cementum, tooth tissue

The tooth cementum covers the root surface and helps anchor the supporting tissues of the tooth. When gums recede, the root surface can become more sensitive. Read more.

Ceramic inlay

A ceramic inlay is a restoration made to fit the shape of the tooth. Its suitability depends on the size of the damage and remaining tooth tissues. Read more.

Changes in enamel color

White or other colored spots can be caused by various enamel changes. The cause is determined after examination, not by photo alone. Read more.

Checking the seal of a filling

During examination, the doctor assesses the edges of the filling, tooth tissues, and possible damage. Not every old filling needs to be replaced. Read more.

Child’s first dental visit

Early examination helps to discuss teething, cleaning, and caries prevention. The dentist will schedule further visits. Read more.

Children’s dental caries

Early detection of caries in primary and permanent teeth of children is important. Daily assistance by adults in tooth cleaning is a key part of prevention. Read more.

Chipped tooth

Treatment of a chip depends on the extent of tissue damage and pulp involvement. After trauma, see a dentist; keep the broken fragment. Read more.

Chlorhexidine

This is an antiseptic agent sometimes prescribed for short-term oral care assistance. It does not replace mechanical cleaning of teeth and interdental spaces; discuss the duration of use with a specialist. Read more.

Choosing a toothbrush

A soft toothbrush is suitable for most people, allowing gentle cleaning of tooth surfaces. A specialist can recommend the appropriate tool based on oral health. Read more.

Chronic inflammation near the tooth root

Inflammation around the root tip does not always cause pain. The doctor assesses the tooth and X-ray and discusses treatment options. Read more.

Clear aligner treatment process

Aligner sets are changed according to the dentist’s plan, with regular treatment checks. Duration depends on the bite and treatment needs. Read more.

Cone beam computed tomography

Cone beam CT can provide a three-dimensional image for treatment planning. It is prescribed only when needed for a specific clinical question. Read more.

Course of endodontic treatment

During root canal treatment, damaged tissues are removed, canals cleaned and filled. The number of visits depends on the individual situation. Read more.

Cracked tooth

A crack can cause pain when chewing or sensitivity but may not always be easily visible. Preservation possibilities depend on crack depth and location. Read more.

Cracked tooth root

Root cracks may be difficult to detect based solely on symptoms. The doctor examines the tooth, evaluates tests, and discusses preservation options. Read more.

Crown

A dental crown is a restoration that covers a prepared part of the tooth or is fixed on an implant. Suitability depends on the condition of the tooth and surrounding tissues. Read more.

Crown care

The crown and surrounding gums need to be cleaned daily, including interdental spaces. Regular check-ups help monitor the restoration and gum condition. Read more.

Crown detachment

If a crown detaches, preserve it and contact your dentist. Do not use household glues – the doctor will assess the tooth and crown. Read more.

D

Deep tooth caries

With deep caries approaching the pulp, increased sensitivity or pain may occur. Treatment depends on the damage and tooth condition. Read more.

Dental abscess (tooth abscess)

A pus-filled lesion caused by infection may present with pain, swelling, or an unpleasant taste. Even if the pain subsides, it is essential to see a dentist as soon as possible to address the source of infection. Read more.

Dental bridge, prosthesis

A dental bridge restores missing tooth or teeth, supported by abutments. Supports may be natural teeth or implants, depending on the treatment plan. Read more.

Dental care for young children

Primary teeth should be cleaned from their eruption and checked regularly. Discuss suitable hygiene products for your child with the dentist. Read more.

Dental consultation

During consultation, patient’s complaints are discussed, the mouth is examined, and tests are selected if needed. The treatment plan is made based on the condition. Read more.

Dental implant

A dental implant is a supporting element screwed into the jawbone, upon which a prosthesis can be attached. Suitability is determined after individual assessment. Read more.

Dental implant healing

After implantation, tissue healing and implant integration with bone occur. Healing time is individual, and increasing pain or swelling should be evaluated. Read more.

Dental implants and diabetes

Dental implants may be considered individually for people with diabetes. Glucose control, oral health and healing risks all need assessment. Read more.

Dental inlay

A dental inlay is a restoration made in a laboratory or digitally, restoring part of a tooth. The need depends on remaining tissues and bite conditions. Read more.

Dental plaque

Soft bacterial plaque accumulates on teeth and near gums. Removing it daily with a toothbrush and interdental tools reduces the risk of caries and gum inflammation. Read more.

Dental tartar

Hardened plaque is called dental tartar. It usually cannot be removed with regular brushing – professional oral hygiene is required. Read more.

Dental trauma

If a tooth chips, shifts, or is knocked out, contact a dentist as soon as possible. Severe facial trauma or breathing problems require emergency care. Read more.

Dental trauma

After a blow, a tooth may chip, shift, or be knocked out. Even if the visible damage is minor, a dentist’s assessment helps detect hidden injury. Read more.

Dentin hypersensitivity

Dentin hypersensitivity is a short-term sensitivity caused by exposed dentin and certain stimuli. Similar symptoms may also be caused by caries or cracks. Read more.

Differences between inlays and fillings

An inlay is made to the tooth’s form and then attached later, while a direct filling is shaped in the tooth. Appropriate restoration depends on damage size. Read more.

Dry mouth

The sensation of decreased saliva may be caused by medications, diseases, or other factors. Long-lasting dryness increases caries risk; do not stop prescribed drugs without consulting your doctor. Read more.

Dry mouth at night

Dry mouth may be related to mouth breathing, medications, or other circumstances. If the symptom recurs often, it should be discussed with a doctor. Read more.

Dry socket (alveolitis)

Alveolitis occurring after tooth extraction can cause increasing pain radiating to surrounding areas. It is important to contact a dentist due to this healing complication. Read more.

Duration of anesthesia effect

The duration of local anesthesia depends on the drug and individual factors. While numb, protect the lip and cheek from biting. Read more.

Duration of chlorhexidine use

Use chlorhexidine mouth rinse only as directed by your dentist. It does not replace cleaning of teeth and interdental spaces. Read more.

Duration of orthodontic treatment

The length of tooth straightening depends on the bite, chosen method, and treatment progress. A preliminary plan is made by the doctor after examination. Read more.

E

Early caries

The first sign of caries may be a matte white spot. An early lesion can be monitored and controlled with preventive measures by a dentist. Read more.

Edentulism and tooth loss

Edentulism means absence of teeth. Treatment options depend on how many teeth are missing, the condition of the bone and surrounding teeth; implants or dentures may be considered. Read more.

Emergency dental care

Severe tooth pain, swelling, or trauma may require urgent examination. Before visiting the clinic, call and describe the symptoms. Read more.

Enamel

Enamel is the hard outer tissue of the tooth crown. It can be damaged by decay, acids, or mechanical wear; the body does not regenerate lost enamel. Read more.

Enamel demineralization

Loss of minerals in tooth enamel may cause a matte white spot. Early changes can be controlled according to the care plan developed by the dentist. Read more.

Enamel erosion

Erosion is the chemical dissolution of hard dental tissues caused by acids, not bacteria. Causes may include acidic drinks or stomach acid entering the mouth. Read more.

Enamel hypoplasia

This is a developmental disorder where enamel is insufficiently formed. Depressions or changes may be visible on the tooth; appropriate treatment is determined during examination. Read more.

Enamel hypoplasia

Enamel hypoplasia means less enamel formed during tooth development. It can involve altered shape or depressions; a specialist should evaluate the cause. Read more.

Endodontic treatment

In root canal treatment, damaged or infected tissues are removed, canals cleaned and filled. After treatment, restoring the tooth crown may be necessary. Read more.

Evaluation of impacted wisdom tooth

The position of an unerupted or partially erupted wisdom tooth is assessed during inspection and, if necessary, by X-ray. Removal is not always required. Read more.

Exposed tooth root

When gums recede, the more sensitive root surface may become exposed. It is important to identify the cause of recession and discuss gentle care. Read more.

F

Filling

A filling is a restored part of the tooth after removing damaged tissues or correcting a defect. The choice of material and restoration depends on the damage. Read more.

Fixed dental bridge

A bridge prosthesis replaces a missing tooth supported by planned abutment teeth or implants. Suitability and care are discussed individually. Read more.

Fixed prosthesis on implants

A prosthesis attached to implants can restore one or several lost teeth. The design is selected based on oral condition and treatment plan. Read more.

Fluoride effect on enamel

Fluorides help restore enamel damaged by early mineral loss and reduce caries risk. They do not fill existing cavities. Read more.

Fluoride toothpaste for children

Fluoride toothpaste helps protect teeth from caries. Discuss the appropriate amount and use for the child’s age with your dentist. Read more.

Fluorides

Fluoride in toothpaste helps protect teeth from caries. For children, the amount of toothpaste and supervision is selected considering age and professional recommendations. Read more.

Fluorosis

Dental fluorosis is a change in enamel appearance related to excessive fluoride intake during tooth development. Other causes for spots exist, so a dentist evaluates them. Read more.

Food acids and enamel erosion

Frequent exposure to acidic foods or drinks can weaken enamel. Causes of erosion and protective measures are discussed individually. Read more.

Food getting stuck between teeth

Food stuck between teeth may be related to a gap, damaged tooth, or restoration. If this happens repeatedly or you experience gum pain, it is worth having it checked. Read more.

Food impaction between teeth

Food may get trapped due to gaps, filling shape, or other reasons. Frequent occurrence requires not only cleaning but also identifying the cause. Read more.

Frenectomy

This is a procedure to correct the frenulum, considered when its position or tension causes functional difficulties. The appearance of the frenulum alone doesn’t necessarily mean surgery is needed. Read more.

G

Gingival fistula

A small opening or pus-draining tract in the gums may be related to infection at the tooth root. Even if pain has lessened, the cause needs investigation. Read more.

Gingival inflammation

Gingivitis is characterized by gum swelling or bleeding. A common cause is bacterial plaque; diagnosis and care plan require an examination. Read more.

Gingival inflammation

Red or bleeding gums during cleaning may indicate gingivitis. Persistent bleeding or swelling should be discussed with a dentist. Read more.

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, often causing bleeding during brushing. Proper plaque removal and professional care may help control early inflammation. Read more.

Granuloma at tooth root

This is an inflammatory tissue change that can develop near the apex of a tooth root. Its cause and treatment are assessed during an examination and necessary tests. Read more.

Grinding guard

A custom-fitted guard can protect teeth from some effects of grinding. It does not always eliminate the cause of grinding itself. Read more.

Gum bleeding when brushing

Bleeding may indicate gum inflammation, but there are various causes. Persistent or recurrent bleeding should be evaluated by a dentist. Read more.

Gum recession

This is the retreat of the gum edge, which may expose tooth roots. Causes and treatment options depend on the specific oral condition. Read more.

Gum recession

Gum recession is the retreat of the gum margin. Exposed roots can be sensitive, and cleaning methods and treatment are chosen after investigating the causes. Read more.

Gum swelling

Gums can swell due to plaque, infection, or other reasons. If swelling increases or fever occurs, seek urgent care. If breathing or swallowing is difficult, call emergency number 112. Read more.

H

Halitosis

Halitosis is the medical term for unpleasant mouth odor. Causes can be inside or outside the mouth, so it is worth investigating the reason for persistent odor. Read more.

Harmful habits and oral health

Smoking increases the risk of gum disease and oral cancer, while strong clenching can contribute to tooth wear. Support is tailored to individual needs. Read more.

Harmful habits and tooth wear

Teeth grinding or frequent chewing of hard objects can contribute to tissue wear. The dentist assesses damage and possible protective measures. Read more.

Healing after apicoectomy

After an apicoectomy, it is important to follow the dentist’s instructions and attend follow-up appointments. Healing progress and duration are assessed individually. Read more.

Healing after tooth extraction

After extraction, a blood clot forms in the socket, important for healing. Follow the doctor’s instructions and contact them if pain or swelling worsens. Read more.

Herpes labialis (cold sore)

Cold sores are usually associated with the herpes simplex virus and can recur. Inform the clinic about an active lesion before a dental visit. Read more.

Hygiene after tooth extraction

Maintain oral cleanliness after the procedure according to the doctor’s instructions, protecting the extraction site. Do not manipulate the wound with fingers or objects. Read more.

Hygiene with bleeding gums

Bleeding does not mean you should stop brushing your teeth. Brush gently and consult a dentist about the cause of bleeding. Read more.

Hyperdontia

Hyperdontia is the presence of extra teeth. Their position and impact on other teeth are assessed by the dentist after examination and, if needed, X-ray imaging. Read more.

I

Impacted tooth

An impacted tooth is a tooth that has not erupted and remains in the bone or under the mucosa. Its monitoring or removal depends on its position and individual risks. Read more.

Impacted wisdom tooth

A wisdom tooth that has not erupted or only partially erupted is assessed by the doctor during examination and necessary tests. Not every wisdom tooth requires extraction. Read more.

Implant area hygiene

Plaque around an implant can cause inflammation of surrounding tissues. Daily care and regular check-ups help detect changes early. Read more.

Implant care

The implant and surrounding prosthesis need regular cleaning, and gum condition should be checked. Bleeding, pus, or mobility are reasons to see a dentist. Read more.

Implant crown

The crown attached to an implant restores the visible part of a missing tooth. It is important to properly clean and regularly check the crown-implant junction. Read more.

Implant failure to integrate

An implant does not always successfully bond with the bone. Mobility, increasing pain, or other worrying signs should be evaluated by a doctor. Read more.

Implant osseointegration

Healing after implantation and implant bonding with bone depends on individual factors. The doctor indicates timing for check-ups and prosthetic work. Read more.

Implantation

Implantation is one method to restore missing teeth. Before the procedure, the doctor assesses the oral condition, bone, and discusses treatment steps and cost. Read more.

Implantation and bone quantity

Adequate bone volume and safe position of surrounding structures are important for implants. If needed, the doctor discusses bone augmentation options. Read more.

Implants for multiple missing teeth

If several teeth are lost, an implant-supported prosthesis may be considered. Number of implants and design are determined individually. Read more.

Inflammation around the implant

Bleeding gums near an implant may indicate soft tissue inflammation. Examinations determine if the surrounding bone is affected. Read more.

Inflammation near a wisdom tooth

Plaque can accumulate in areas around a partially erupted wisdom tooth causing inflammation. Swelling or difficulty opening the mouth should be evaluated. Read more.

Interdental brushes

Properly sized interdental brushes help remove plaque between teeth. The size and usage should be discussed with an oral hygienist. Read more.

Interdental care

Dental floss or appropriately sized interdental brushes help remove plaque from areas unreachable by a regular toothbrush. A specialist can help choose the suitable tool. Read more.

Interdental hygiene

A regular toothbrush does not reach all interdental surfaces. Choose floss or an appropriately sized interdental brush based on specialist advice. Read more.

Interproximal caries

Caries starting between teeth can be difficult to detect by oneself. The dentist assesses the damage during examination and, if necessary, with X-rays. Read more.

Intruded tooth

After trauma, a tooth may be displaced into the jawbone. Such injury requires urgent dental examination; do not attempt to reposition the tooth yourself. Read more.

J

Jaw cyst

A jaw cyst is a cavity formed in tissues; some are associated with teeth. Its nature and treatment need are determined after examination and necessary tests. Read more.

Jaw cyst treatment

Cyst treatment depends on its origin, size, and location. The doctor discusses tests, possible removal, and follow-up examinations. Read more.

Jaw joint movement disorder

Disorders of the joint or muscles can cause pain and difficulty opening the mouth. Cause and treatment options are evaluated by a specialist. Read more.

Jawbone resorption

Loss of teeth or periodontitis may lead to reduced jawbone. Changes and tooth restoration options are assessed individually. Read more.

K

Knocked-out baby tooth

Do not put a knocked-out baby tooth back in its socket. Contact a dentist to assess the injury and the developing permanent tooth. Read more.

L

Leukoplakia

This is a persistent white change in the oral mucosa that must be shown to a doctor. It is not the same as every white plaque, and some changes require additional tests. Read more.

Local anesthesia

Local anesthesia temporarily numbs the treated area. Inform your dentist about medications, allergies, and important illnesses before the procedure. Read more.

Loose permanent tooth

Loosening of a permanent tooth can be related to trauma or disease of the supporting tissues. It is advisable to seek an examination without delay. Read more.

Loose permanent tooth

A permanent tooth may loosen due to periodontal disease, trauma, or other causes. Do not move it and seek an examination. Read more.

Loosened filling

When a filling loses its seal, plaque can accumulate and sensitivity may occur. A dentist should examine the filling and assess the remaining tooth structure. Read more.

M

Malocclusion

Malocclusion describes altered relationships between teeth or jaws. Treatment need is evaluated based on function, oral condition, and patient’s goals. Read more.

Medications and dry mouth

Some medications may contribute to dry mouth. Do not stop them on your own – discuss symptoms with the prescribing doctor. Read more.

Metal-ceramics

Metal-ceramics is a prosthetic material combination where ceramic is applied over a metal framework. Alternatives and suitability depend on the treatment plan. Read more.

Microcrack in a tooth

Surface enamel lines and deeper cracks are not the same. Pain when chewing or spreading cracks should be evaluated by a dentist. Read more.

Missing tooth

If a tooth is lost, options for restoration include implant, bridge, or removable prosthesis. The choice depends on oral condition and individual needs. Read more.

Mouth ulcer

A mouth ulcer can be caused by trauma or various diseases. A persistent, enlarging, or frequently recurring ulcer should be shown to a doctor. Read more.

Mouth ulcers

Ulcers can be caused by trauma, aphthae, or other conditions. If an ulcer does not heal within three weeks, is unusual, enlarges, or bleeds, seek medical attention. Read more.

Mucosal lesions

Spots, ulcers, and nodules in the mouth have various causes. Any persistent, growing, or bleeding lesion should be examined by a doctor. Read more.

Mucositis around an implant

Peri-implant mucositis is inflammation of soft tissues around an implant without bone loss typical for peri-implantitis. It is important to treat and monitor it. Read more.

Mucositis during cancer treatment

The oral mucosa can become inflamed due to some oncology treatments. If painful ulcers or eating difficulties occur, inform your care team. Read more.

N

Nighttime teeth grinding

Night grinding may be associated with tooth wear and jaw muscle fatigue. The doctor evaluates signs and discusses possible measures. Read more.

Non-healing mouth ulcer

An ulcer that does not heal or changes should be examined by a doctor or dentist. Not all ulcers are dangerous, but the cause must be determined. Read more.

Non-healing oral ulcer

A persistent or changing ulcer must be shown to a dentist or doctor. Its cause cannot be determined by appearance alone. Read more.

Numbness after local anesthesia

After anesthesia, the lip or cheek may be numb for some time. Until sensation returns, protect these areas from biting and hot foods. Read more.

Nutrition and children’s caries risk

Frequent consumption of sweet snacks and drinks can increase the risk of caries in children. The dentist advises on nutrition and daily hygiene. Read more.

O

Occlusion

Occlusion describes how the upper and lower teeth meet. Its assessment can be important when planning orthodontic, restorative, or other treatments. Read more.

Odontogenic infection

An infection originating from a tooth or related tissues. Spreading swelling and worsening general condition require urgent evaluation. Read more.

Oral cancer

A non-healing sore, unusual spot, or lump may have many causes, but such changes must be shown to a doctor. Early evaluation is important. Read more.

Oral candidiasis

This is a fungal oral infection that can cause white plaques and mucosal sensitivity. Not every white spot is fungal; treatment is selected after evaluation. Read more.

Oral candidiasis

A fungal infection can cause painful white plaques and redness of the mucosa. The cause and treatment are determined by a health professional. Read more.

Oral fibroma

Oral fibroma is most often a benign tissue nodule sometimes related to chronic irritation. A new or changing lesion should be evaluated by a doctor. Read more.

Oral mucosa inflammation

Mucosal inflammation may present as redness, ulcers, or pain and has various causes. Persistent changes should be examined by a doctor. Read more.

Oral mucosal inflammation

The mucosa may become red, sensitive, or ulcerated due to various causes. Treatment depends on the cause determined by the doctor. Read more.

Orthodontic aligners

Clear aligners move teeth according to an individual treatment plan. Their suitability is determined by an orthodontic examination. Read more.

Orthodontic consultation

During consultation, tooth position and bite are evaluated, additional tests performed if needed. The doctor discusses possible alignment methods. Read more.

Orthodontic follow-up

Treatment requires scheduled follow-up visits. During these, progress is monitored and the plan adjusted if needed. Read more.

Orthodontic treatment

Orthodontics is aimed at evaluating and correcting tooth position and bite. Devices and duration depend on diagnosis and treatment goals. Read more.

P

Pain after root canal treatment

After treatment, the tooth or surrounding tissues may be sensitive. If pain worsens or swelling develops, contact your doctor. Read more.

Pain after tooth extraction

Pain after the procedure may be part of healing, but worsening or prolonged pain should be evaluated. Follow your doctor’s instructions. Read more.

Pain after tooth filling

Short-term sensitivity after filling is possible, but increasing pain or pain when biting should be discussed with your doctor. Read more.

Pain from wisdom tooth

Pain near a wisdom tooth can be caused by inflammation of surrounding gums or other problems. A dentist will assess the need for treatment. Read more.

Peri-implantitis

Peri-implantitis is inflammation around an implant with loss of the surrounding bone. Bleeding, pus, or other changes must be evaluated by a dentist. Read more.

Pericoronitis

Inflammation around a partially erupted tooth often occurs near a wisdom tooth. Local treatment or other measures are chosen depending on the condition. Read more.

Periodontal pockets

During periodontal disease, a deepened pocket may form between the tooth and gum. A specialist assesses its depth and the condition of surrounding tissues. Read more.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a disease of the tissues supporting the tooth, which can lead to bone loss and tooth mobility. Professional help and daily care are important for control. Read more.

Permanent tooth avulsion

If a permanent tooth is knocked out, urgent dental care is needed. Hold it by the crown, avoid touching the root, and if unable to reinsert, keep it in milk; do not reinsert deciduous teeth. Read more.

Price of zirconia crown

The final price of the crown depends on the chosen treatment plan and any additional procedures needed. The estimate is discussed by the doctor after examination. Read more.

Professional oral hygiene

During the procedure, the specialist removes accumulated plaque and tartar and advises on daily care. The frequency of visits is chosen individually. Read more.

Prolonged tongue burning

Burning tongue sensation may be related to mucosal irritation or other conditions. Persistent symptoms require evaluation by a doctor. Read more.

Prolonged tooth sensitivity

If tooth sensitivity persists or worsens, the dentist should evaluate possible causes. Sensitivity-reducing toothpaste alone may not solve the problem. Read more.

Pulpitis

Pulpitis is inflammation of the dental pulp, which can cause prolonged or spontaneous pain. Treatment depends on the condition of the pulp and extent of damage. Read more.

R

Recurrent cold sores

Cold sores may recur, and active lesions are contagious. Inform the clinic about symptoms before a dental visit. Read more.

Removable dental prosthesis

A removable prosthesis replaces missing teeth and is taken out for care. The doctor helps select the appropriate prosthetic option. Read more.

Repeat endodontic treatment

A previously treated tooth may require retreatment if infection persists or recurs. The options are discussed by the doctor after assessing the tooth and tests. Read more.

Restoration after root canal treatment

After root canal therapy, the tooth needs proper restoration and protection against fracture. The method depends on the remaining tooth tissues. Read more.

Risk factors for oral cancer

The risk of oral cancer can be influenced by tobacco and alcohol use and other factors. Show any persistent oral changes to a specialist. Read more.

Risk of caries with dry mouth

Reduced saliva can increase the risk of decay. A dentist helps create an individual plan for tooth protection and oral care. Read more.

Root canal infection

Infection may develop if bacteria enter the inside of the tooth. The dentist assesses whether canal treatment or another solution is needed. Read more.

Root canal retreatment

If infection remains or recurs in previously treated root canals, retreatment may be considered. The possibility depends on the condition of the root and remaining tooth. Read more.

Root canals

There is pulp tissue inside the tooth root canals. If inflamed or infected, endodontic treatment may be necessary. Read more.

Root surface caries

Exposed tooth root surfaces may be damaged by caries. Prevention and treatment are selected based on the condition of the oral cavity. Read more.

S

Saliva function

Saliva helps keep the mouth moist, cleans surfaces, and protects teeth from caries. Prolonged dryness can make eating difficult and increase the risk of tooth damage. Read more.

Sealants for children’s teeth

Sealants are a protective material that can be applied to the grooves of molar teeth. Their need is assessed by a dentist examining the child. Read more.

Sensitive teeth

Sensitivity to cold or sweets can have several causes. Prolonged, spontaneous, or severe pain requires evaluation by a dentist. Read more.

Sensitivity after filling

Short-term sensitivity after a filling sometimes occurs. If it worsens, interferes with biting, or persists, the dentist should check the filling and the tooth. Read more.

Sensitivity after whitening

Teeth may become temporarily more sensitive after whitening. If the pain is severe or persists, contact the specialist who performed the procedure. Read more.

Sensitivity due to exposed root

An exposed root surface due to gum recession may react to cold and touch. The dentist will advise on how to reduce sensitivity. Read more.

Sensitivity to hot drinks

Pain from heat can have several causes. If it is severe, spontaneous, or lasts a long time, arrange an examination. Read more.

Sensitivity to sweet food

Sensitivity to sweetness may be related to decay, exposed root surfaces, or other damage. Prolonged symptoms should be evaluated by a dentist. Read more.

Sensitivity when biting after filling

Pain when biting after a filling should be discussed with the doctor, especially if it does not subside or worsens. It may be necessary to check the height of the filling and the tooth condition. Read more.

Sensitivity when brushing teeth

An unpleasant sensation during brushing can be caused by exposed tooth tissues, inflamed gums, or other reasons. A soft toothbrush does not replace the required examination. Read more.

Signs of caries

Initially, a matte white spot may be noticed; later, a cavity or sensitivity may develop. Not every spot is caries, so an examination is necessary. Read more.

Signs of enamel hypoplasia

In hypoplasia, enamel may be thinner or have pits. The cause of changes and need for protection is assessed by a dentist. Read more.

Signs of fluorosis

Fluorosis can alter the appearance of developing tooth enamel. White spots may be caused by other conditions as well, so a dentist must evaluate them. Read more.

Signs of inflammation after tooth extraction

Increasing pain, swelling, fever, or unpleasant taste after extraction warrant contacting the dentist. The cause can be identified during examination. Read more.

Signs of inflammation around implants

Bleeding, redness, or swelling around an implant may indicate inflammation. The dentist examines the tissues and performs tests if needed. Read more.

Signs of oral fungal infections

Candidiasis may manifest as white plaques, redness, or burning. White spots can have other causes as well; examination is necessary. Read more.

Signs of pulp inflammation

Pulp inflammation may cause prolonged pain or sensitivity to temperature. Only a dentist performing tests can determine the cause. Read more.

Sinus lift

A sinus floor elevation procedure is sometimes considered when planning implants in the upper jaw if there is insufficient bone height. Suitability is determined after examination. Read more.

Smoking and implant healing

Smoking is one of the factors that can negatively affect tissue healing and implant condition. It is advisable to discuss reducing or quitting before treatment. Read more.

Soft tissue inflammation around an implant

Red or bleeding gums around an implant may indicate mucositis. The doctor assesses tissues and selects treatment and care. Read more.

Splint after tooth trauma

After certain injuries, the dentist may temporarily secure a loose tooth to adjacent teeth with a splint. Observation and treatment plans depend on trauma type. Read more.

Splint for a loose tooth

A loose tooth may sometimes be temporarily stabilized by splinting it to neighboring teeth. The splint does not replace treatment of the cause of mobility. Read more.

Stages of implantation

The implantation plan usually includes examination, implant placement, healing, and prosthetics. Steps depend on the patient’s condition. Read more.

Stains caused by chlorhexidine

Using chlorhexidine may cause color changes on teeth or tongue and alter taste sensation. Consult your doctor regarding the duration of use and care. Read more.

Stomatitis

Stomatitis is a general term for inflammation of the oral mucosa. Causes vary, so self-diagnosing by redness or ulcers is insufficient. Read more.

Surgical tooth extraction

A tooth may need to be removed surgically when it cannot be safely extracted by the usual method. The procedure and healing care are explained individually by the doctor. Read more.

Suspected root fracture

After trauma or stress, the tooth root may be damaged. The dentist determines the fracture location and treatment options after necessary examinations. Read more.

Swelling after tooth extraction

Swelling may occur after extraction, but increasing swelling or worsening general condition should be discussed with the dentist. Read more.

T

Teeth grinding

Teeth grinding may occur during sleep or awake periods. If you notice tooth wear or jaw muscle pain, discuss it with your dentist. Read more.

Temporary dental crown

A temporary crown can protect a prepared tooth while the permanent one is being made. If it detaches or causes pain, contact the doctor. Read more.

Temporomandibular joint clicking

Joint sounds can occur without disease. If accompanied by pain, locking, or limited opening, consult a specialist. Read more.

Temporomandibular joint pain

Pain near the ear, muscle tension when chewing, or difficulty opening the mouth can be caused by various disorders. If symptoms persist, evaluation is needed. Read more.

Tongue coatings

Plaques may accumulate on the tongue surface, contributing to bad breath. Painful, persistent, or unusual changes should be evaluated by a specialist. Read more.

Tongue inflammation (glossitis)

Redness or pain of the tongue may be caused by irritation, infections, certain diseases, and other reasons. Treatment depends on the determined cause. Read more.

Tongue pain and burning

Tongue sensitivity can be caused by trauma, mucosal inflammation, or other conditions. Persistent pain or visible changes should be examined by a specialist. Read more.

Tooth abscess

Painful swelling or pus formation may indicate infection of a tooth or gums. Treating the source is important; antibiotics are not always needed and do not replace dental treatment. Read more.

Tooth cleaning

Cleaning teeth with fluoride toothpaste helps reduce the risk of caries. Interdental spaces should also be cleaned separately, using appropriate tools. Read more.

Tooth extraction

Tooth extraction is considered when the tooth cannot be saved or for other medical reasons. The dentist explains alternatives and post-extraction care. Read more.

Tooth pain when biting

Pain on biting can be caused by cracks, caries, or other changes. Do not diagnose the cause based on symptoms alone – an examination is needed. Read more.

Tooth restoration

Restoration restores the tooth’s shape and function using filling materials, inlays, crowns, or other methods. The choice depends on the remaining tissues. Read more.

Tooth sensitivity

Short-term sensitivity to cold or sweetness can be caused by exposed roots, enamel changes, decay, or other reasons. Prolonged pain should be examined. Read more.

Tooth sensitivity caused by whitening

After whitening, teeth may temporarily react more sensitively to cold or other stimuli. Severe or prolonged sensitivity should be discussed with a dentist. Read more.

Tooth sensitivity to cold

Short sensitivity may be caused by exposed roots, decay, or other changes. If pain is severe or lasts long, an examination is needed. Read more.

Toothbrush

A soft toothbrush helps remove plaque without scratching the gums. It is also important to clean interdental spaces with a tool tailored to their size. Read more.

Traumatized primary tooth

A primary tooth may shift, chip, or be knocked out after trauma. Do not reinsert a knocked-out primary tooth; contact your dentist. Read more.

Treatment plan

An individual plan discusses oral condition, treatment stages, alternatives, and costs. Before deciding, patients may ask about expected results and risks. Read more.

V

Veneers

Dental veneers are thin restorations bonded to the surface of teeth. Suitability and required tooth preparation are discussed individually. Read more.

Visible tooth root

A visible root may be associated with gum recession and sensitivity. A dentist can determine the cause and appropriate care. Read more.

W

White spot of caries

A matte white spot sometimes indicates early enamel mineral loss, but other causes are possible. A dentist must evaluate the change. Read more.

White spot on mucosa

A white spot in the mouth may arise from irritation, fungal infection, or other changes. A specialist should examine any persistent change. Read more.

White spots on teeth

White spots can result from various causes, including mineral loss and enamel development changes. Diagnosis cannot be made based on appearance alone. Read more.

Wisdom tooth extraction

A wisdom tooth may need to be removed due to recurring inflammation, damage, or other reasons. Not every healthy wisdom tooth must be extracted. Read more.

Worn teeth

Tooth tissues can wear down due to friction or acid exposure. First, identify causes; later, decide on protection or restoration. Read more.

Wound after tooth extraction

Healing after extraction is aided by following the care instructions provided by the doctor. If pain worsens after a few days or swelling increases, contact the clinic. Read more.

Wound care after tooth extraction

After extraction, protecting the blood clot and following the doctor’s instructions is important. If bleeding does not stop or swelling increases, seek help. Read more.

Wound healing complications after extraction

Increasing pain after tooth extraction may indicate a healing complication such as alveolitis. Contact a dentist for an examination. Read more.

X

X-ray after dental trauma

After trauma, an X-ray examination can help assess the tooth root and surrounding tissues. The need and appropriate type are determined by the doctor. Read more.

X-ray in dentistry

An X-ray examination helps to assess tissues not visible during inspection. It is ordered when it can help determine a diagnosis or plan treatment. Read more.

Xerostomia

Xerostomia is the sensation of dry mouth. It does not always mean that saliva production is objectively reduced; long-term causes should be investigated. Read more.

Z

Zirconia ceramic crown

Zirconia ceramic is used for dental restoration structures. The choice of material depends on the tooth’s location, remaining tissues, bite, and other factors. Read more.