Loose permanent tooth: causes and what to do

A loose permanent tooth in an adult is not a usual change. It may result from an injury, disease affecting the tissues supporting the tooth or another cause, so a dental examination is needed.

What signs should you notice?

The tooth may move when touched or while chewing, change position, feel sensitive or hurt. Gums may bleed, swelling may develop or there may be a bad taste. Periodontal disease can progress with little pain, so do not wait for severe pain before seeking advice.

Why can a tooth become loose?

One cause is periodontitis, which damages the tissues and bone supporting teeth. A tooth may also become loose after an impact, with inflammation or for another reason. A loose baby tooth in a child as permanent teeth emerge is a different situation.

How is the cause identified?

The dentist examines the teeth and gums and assesses the movement, gum condition and bite. An X-ray may be needed and the dentist may ask about injuries or previous conditions. Movement alone does not establish a diagnosis.

Can the tooth be saved?

This depends on the cause and the condition of the tooth and its supporting tissues. Periodontal treatment, infection control or other care may be needed; after some injuries a tooth is temporarily stabilised with a splint. Not every tooth can be saved, so alternatives are discussed individually.

What can you do before the examination?

Do not wiggle the tooth with your fingers, chew hard food on that side or try to fix it at home. Clean your mouth gently. If the tooth has moved after an injury, contact a dentist urgently.

When should you seek urgent help?

A displaced or very loose tooth after an injury, increasing swelling or severe pain needs more urgent assessment. For a serious facial injury or difficulty breathing or swallowing, call 112.