Tooth enamel erosion: causes, signs, and protection

Tooth enamel can be affected not only by decay but also by acids in food, drinks, or the stomach. Early detection of erosion can reduce further tissue loss.

What is enamel erosion?

Enamel erosion is the loss of hard dental tissues due to acids, where the damage is not directly caused by bacteria. Decay is related to acids produced by bacteria in plaque, while erosion can be caused by acidic drinks or stomach acid.

Both problems can occur in the same person. Only an examination can determine what is happening and what help is needed.

What signs can occur?

At first, erosion may cause no pain. Over time, teeth may become sensitive to cold, heat, or sweets; their shine, shape, or color may change. As enamel thins, the yellowish dentin underneath may become more visible.

Sensitivity and spots can be caused by factors other than erosion. When signs appear, it is important to find the real cause.

Where do acids come from?

Teeth can be affected by frequently sipping acidic carbonated, sports, or fruit drinks, as well as acidic foods. Even sugar-free drinks can be acidic. Important factors are not only the product but also how often and how long teeth are exposed to acid.

Stomach acid can enter the mouth due to reflux or recurrent vomiting. If this occurs repeatedly, it is important to see a family doctor; changing oral care alone is not enough.

How is it assessed and treated?

A dentist examines affected areas, sensitivity, existing fillings, and discusses diet and health circumstances. If needed, sensitivity-reducing or fluoride agents, restoration of damaged tissues with fillings, or other individual solutions may be offered.

Lost enamel does not regrow on its own. The goal of treatment is to protect remaining tissues, manage sensitivity, and restore tooth shape and function if necessary.

How to reduce further risk?

• Limit frequent sipping of acidic beverages; choose water as your daily drink.
• After acidic food or drinks, you can rinse your mouth with water. Wait about an hour before brushing your teeth.
• Brush your teeth with a soft brush and fluoride toothpaste, clean between teeth.
• If you suffer from reflux, vomiting, or constant dry mouth, discuss this with your doctor.

When to schedule an examination?

Contact a dentist if your teeth become sensitive, you notice changing edges or indentations, or suspect acid effects. Sudden severe pain or swelling may indicate another problem and requires urgent assessment.